What system of government is established by the U.S. Constitution?

The U.S. Constitution establishes a federal republic, which is a system of government that combines federal and state powers. In a federal republic, power is divided between a central government and various regional governments, allowing for both national and local governance. This structure enables a balance by ensuring that different levels of government can operate independently while still being connected under the umbrella of a single national framework.

The term "republic" indicates that the head of state is elected or appointed rather than being a hereditary monarch, emphasizing democratic principles and representation. The federal aspect of the government signifies that states retain certain powers and authority, as outlined in the Constitution, while also ceding other powers to the federal government, particularly in areas that affect the nation as a whole, such as defense, taxation, and interstate commerce.

Understanding this structure is crucial because it reflects the Framers’ intent to create a government that would prevent the concentration of power and protect individual liberties, which were key concerns that arose from their experience under British rule. Thus, recognizing the U.S. government as a federal republic highlights the foundational principles of shared power and representation that are central to its functioning.