What economic system characterized the North during the pre-Civil War era?

The North during the pre-Civil War era was predominantly characterized by industrial capitalism, which was marked by the rise of factories, mass production, and wage labor. This economic system emerged as a result of technological advancements, such as the steam engine and mechanized textile production, which transformed manufacturing processes and led to significant urbanization as people moved to cities for jobs.

Industrial capitalism in the North facilitated a shift from manual labor and traditional agrarian economies to a focus on industrial output and consumer goods. This system promoted the development of a national market and interconnected the North with different regions through railroads and telegraphs, enhancing trade and communication.

In contrast to agriculture-dominated economies, industrial capitalism emphasized investment, innovation, and the growth of a labor force that could operate machinery in factories. The successful implementation of this economic model allowed Northern states to emerge as leaders in production and innovation, resulting in a diverse economy that became increasingly distinct from the agrarian societies in the South.