What court case established judicial review in the United States?

The establishment of judicial review in the United States is primarily attributed to the landmark case Marbury v. Madison. This 1803 Supreme Court case, presided over by Chief Justice John Marshall, was significant because it asserted the power of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional, thereby establishing a critical precedent for the role of the judiciary in the American political system.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court examined the authority of Congress and the limits of the judiciary, ultimately ruling that a section of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was itself unconstitutional. This decision effectively empowered the judicial branch to check the other branches of government, ensuring that no law could supersede the Constitution. This principle of judicial review has become a cornerstone of American constitutional law, allowing the courts to interpret the Constitution and uphold its supremacy over other forms of legislation.

Other cases listed do not pertain to the establishment of judicial review. For example, Brown v. Board of Education addressed racial segregation in public schools; Miranda v. Arizona focused on the rights of criminal defendants; and Dred Scott v. Sandford dealt with issues surrounding slavery and citizenship, none of which established the principle of judicial review.